Blind parameter estimation of pseudo-random binary code-linear frequency modulation signal based on Duffing oscillator at low SNR

Conventional parameter estimation methods for pseudo-random binary code-linear frequency modulation(PRBCLFM) signals require prior knowledge, are computationally complex, and exhibit poor performance at low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs). To overcome these problems, a blind parameter estimation method based on a Duffing oscillator array is proposed. A new relationship formula among the state of the Duffing oscillator, the pseudo-random sequence of the PRBC-LFM signal, and the frequency difference between the PRBC-LFM signal and the periodic driving force signal of the Duffing oscillator is derived, providing the theoretical basis for blind parameter estimation. Methods based on amplitude method, short-time Fourier transform method, and power spectrum entropy method are used to binarize the output of the Duffing oscillator array, and their performance is compared. The pseudo-random sequence is estimated using Duffing oscillator array synchronization, and the carrier frequency parameters are obtained by the relational expressions and characteristics of the difference frequency. Simulation results show that this blind estimation method overcomes limitations in prior knowledge and maintains good parameter estimation performance up to an SNR of-35 d B.     

The maximum number of columns in supersaturated designs with

Cheng and Tang [Biometrika, 88 (2001), pp. 1169–1174] derived an upper bound on the maximum number of columns that can be accommodated in a two‐symbol supersaturated design (SSD) for a given number of rows () and a maximum in absolute value correlation between any two columns (). In particular, they proved that for (mod ) and . However, the only known SSD satisfying this upper bound is when . By utilizing a computer search, we prove that for , and . These results are obtained by proving the nonexistence of certain resolvable incomplete blocks designs. The combinatorial properties of the RIBDs are used to reduce the search space. Our results improve the lower bound for SSDs with rows and columns, for , and . Finally, we show that a skew‐type Hadamard matrix of order can be used to construct an SSD with rows and columns that proves . Hence, we establish for and for all (mod ) such that . Our result also implies that when is a prime power and (mod ). We conjecture that for all and (mod ), where is the maximum number of equiangular lines in with pairwise angle .     

一种基于自适应单元删除率的BESO方法

在ESO中采用动态删除率能有效地提高优化效率和稳定性，但现有的动态删除率策略都含有经验参数，确定删除率的过程较为复杂。本文提出了一种用于BESO的无经验参数自适应单元删除率确定方法。通过分析单元删除率对优化稳定性的影响，得到了结构优化过程中单元删除率的理想变化规律和单元灵敏度均匀化信息对删除率的影响情况，并据此分析了经验参数引入的原因，从而构造了评价单迭代步的单元灵敏度均匀化程度指标。然后，基于单迭代步的单元灵敏度均匀化程度指标，构造了全部迭代步信息下的单元灵敏度均匀化程度相对指标，结合单元删除率的推荐范围值，给出了一种自适应于结构优化进程的单元删除率自适应函数。最后，给出了基于自适应单元删除率的BESO方法实现流程。经典算例的结果对比说明，本文方法在保证优化质量相近的情况下，具有更好的优化效率和稳定性。     

Lower bound for the ratios of eigenvalues of Schrödinger with nonpositive single‐barrier potentials

Horváth and Kiss (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 2005) proved the upper bound estimate for Dirichlet eigenvalue ratios of the Schrödinger problem ?y^′′ + q(x)y = λy with nonnegative and single‐well potential q. In this paper, we prove that if q(x) is a nonpositive, continuous, and single‐barrier potential, then for λ_n > λ_m≥ ? 2q^?, where . In particular, if q(x) satisfies the additional condition , then λ₁ > 0 and for n > m ≥ 1. For this result, we develop a new approach to study the monotonicity of the modified Prüfer angle function.     

Empirical Likelihood Estimation for the Two-Sample Mean under Density Ratio Models Using Auxiliary Information

Auxiliary population information is often available in finite population inference problems, and the empirical likelihood (EL) approach has been demonstrated to be flexible and useful for such problems. The present paper concerns EL when interest centers on inference for the mean of the baseline distribution under two-sample density ratio models. Although dual EL is a convenient technical tool since it has the same maximum point and maximum likelihood as DRM-based EL, it can not combine such auxiliary information into the likelihood conveniently and may have loss of efficiency. By contrast, the classical EL approach of Qin and Lawless\ucite{21} does not have this problem and incorporate seamlessly auxiliary information. Based on the EL using auxiliary information and the dual EL methods, we construct both point and interval estimations and make a careful comparison. Though the point estimation efficiency gain obtained by the former is not noticeable, we find that they may have different performances in interval estimation. In terms of coverage accuracy, the two intervals are comparable for not or moderate skewed populations, and the EL interval using auxiliary information can be much superior for severely skewed populations.     

煤直接液化油中混合酚的分离研究

利用分子筛择形特点，对煤直接液化油中的混合酚实施高效分离。本研究选取间甲酚和对甲酚作为分离煤直接液化油馏分段混合酚的模型化合物，采用化学液相沉积法对HZSM-5吸附剂的孔口结构进行改变，分析分子筛硅铝比及颗粒粒径对模型化合物间甲酚和对甲酚吸附分离性能的影响，以获得高性能固相吸附剂，并将其应用于180-190℃馏分段混合酚分离。结果表明，当分子筛硅铝比为25、粒径为3-5 μm时，分子筛的孔口结构调节效果最优；当正硅酸乙酯的最小用量为0.2 mL/g时，固相吸附剂的吸附量为0.03 g/g，对甲酚选择性高于95%。由于外表面沉积物对吸附剂的孔口结构变化，导致对甲酚选择性的提高。进一步采用HZSM-5（1）吸附剂对真实煤直接液化油混合酚的分离中发现，苯酚和对甲酚的选择性均达到100%。     

EAST快速极紫外光谱仪绝对强度的原位标定

磁约束等离子体中杂质(特别是高Z杂质)的存在将大大增强等离子体辐射功率损失，破坏等离子体的约束性能。杂质行为的定量研究首先要求对杂质测量的光谱诊断系统进行绝对强度标定，获得灵敏度响应曲线。介绍了EAST托卡马克上的快速极紫外光谱仪系统绝对强度的原位标定方法。在波长范围20～150Å内，通过对比极紫外(EUV)波段连续轫致辐射强度的计算值和测量值得到光谱仪的绝对强度标定。在此过程中，首先由(523±1) nm范围内可见连续轫致辐射强度的绝对测量值计算出有效电荷数Z_eff，进而结合电子温度和密度分布计算EUV波段连续轫致辐射强度；EUV波段连续轫致辐射强度的测量值即为不同波长处探测器的连续本底计数扣除背景噪声计数值。对于较长波段范围130～280Å，通过对比等离子体中类锂杂质离子(Fe23+，Cr21+，Ar15+)和类钠杂质离子(Mo31+，Fe15+)发出的共振谱线对(跃迁分别为1s22s 2S_1/2-1s22p 2P_{1/2, 3/2}及2p63s 2S_1/2-2p63p 2P_{1/2, 3/2})强度比的理论和实验值进行相对强度标定。其中共振谱线对强度比的理论值由辐射碰撞模型计算得到，模型中处在各个能级的离子数主要由电子碰撞激发，去激发以及辐射衰变三个过程决定。两种方法相结合，实现了光谱仪20～280Å范围的绝对强度标定。考虑轫致辐射、电子温度及电子密度的测量误差，绝对标定误差约为30%。在绝对标定的基础上，我们对杂质特征谱线强度进行绝对测量，并将测量结果与杂质输运程序结合ADAS(Atomic Data and Analysis Structure)原子数据库计算得到的模拟值进行比较，进而估算等离子体中的杂质浓度。     

Weber Correspondence Analysis: The One-Dimensional Case

When designing programs or software for the implementation of Monte Carlo (MC) hypothesis tests, we can save computation time by using sequential stopping boundaries. Such boundaries imply stopping resampling after relatively few replications if the early replications indicate a very large or a very small p value. We study a truncated sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) boundary and provide a tractable algorithm to implement it. We review two properties desired of any MC p value, the validity of the p value and a small resampling risk, where resampling risk is the probability that the accept/reject decision will be different than the decision from complete enumeration. We show how the algorithm can be used to calculate a valid p value and confidence intervals for any truncated SPRT boundary. We show that a class of SPRT boundaries is minimax with respect to resampling risk and recommend a truncated version of boundaries in that class by comparing their resampling risk (RR) to the RR of fixed boundaries with the same maximum resample size. We study the lack of validity of some simple estimators of p values and offer a new, simple valid p value for the recommended truncated SPRT boundary. We explore the use of these methods in a practical example and provide the MChtest R package to perform the methods.     

A new method for the determination of the 34S/32S ratio of water-soluble sulphur in soil

A new method for the determination of the ³⁴S/³²S ratio of water-extractable sulphate in soil is described. Soils are extracted directly with deionized water, which is evaporated down. The remaining residue is then rehydrated and transferred to tin cups containing an adsorbent and mixed with an oxygen donor (V₂O₅). Samples are then analysed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The new method requires around 10?g soil per determination, compared to much larger amounts (up to kilograms) of soil required for the previous methods. Sample preparation and subsequent analysis is quick and efficient. The method is demonstrated using a number of soils collected from around the world to provide a range of determined δ³⁴S values. The δ³⁴S values of water-extractable sulphur were broadly similar to those of the soil total sulphur.